Plain English

Software words, without the jargon

Developers sometimes forget that not everyone speaks their language. Here is what the terms you are most likely to hear actually mean.

API
A way for two pieces of software to talk to each other automatically. When your website sends bookings straight into your calendar system, that is an API connection at work.
Backend
The part of an app or website that runs out of sight: storing information, checking passwords, processing payments. If the frontend is the shop front, the backend is the stockroom and the till.
Business analyst
A person who works out exactly what a business needs from software before it is built. They talk to everyone involved, check existing systems and write requirements in a form both sides can agree on.
Frontend
The part of a website or app you can see and click: the pages, buttons, forms and layouts. Good frontend work makes a product feel fast, clear and pleasant to use.
Full-stack developer
A developer comfortable working on both the visible parts of software (frontend) and the machinery behind it (backend). They can build a complete feature on their own.
Hosting
The service that keeps your website or app running on the internet, in the same way a shop needs premises. Without hosting, nothing is there when someone types in your address.
MVP
Short for minimum viable product: the smallest version of a product that is genuinely useful to real users. Building an MVP first lets you test an idea before paying for every feature.
Milestone
A chunk of work with its own deadline and payment. Splitting a project into milestones means you review and approve progress piece by piece instead of paying everything up front.
Repository
The secure home of a project’s code, where every change is recorded. It means work can be reviewed, undone and continued by any developer on the team.
Technical debt
The hidden cost of software that was built quickly or carelessly. It works like financial debt: everything takes longer and costs more until someone pays it down by cleaning up the code.
UI
User interface: the screens, buttons, menus and words a person actually interacts with. When people say an app "looks good", they are usually talking about the UI.
UX
User experience: how easy and satisfying something is to use. A beautiful app that hides the checkout button two menus deep has good UI but bad UX.
Vibe coding
Building software by describing it to an AI tool instead of writing the code yourself. It can be fast, but the results often need a professional review to be secure and reliable.
Vibe-coded app rescue
What we call the job of taking an app built with AI tools and making it safe, stable and ready to grow. It usually starts with a review, then a plain-English list of what needs fixing.

Have a question these do not answer? Try our frequently asked questions or ask our AI adviser.